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- * Biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylases signature *
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-
- Biopterin-dependent aromatic amino-acid hydroxylases [1] are iron-dependent
- enzymes that catalyze a mixed oxidation reaction. This consumes a reduced
- biopterin cofactor and molecular oxygen for the hydroxylation of an aromatic
- amino-acid substrate. Enzymes that belong to this family, and for which
- sequence data is available, are listed below.
-
- - Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.16.1) (PAH). Catalyzes the conversion
- of phenylalanine to tyrosine. In humans, deficiencies of PAH are the cause
- of phenylketonuria, the most common inborn error of amino acid metabolism.
- In the bacteria Chromobacterium violaceum [2], PAH is copper-dependent.
- - Tyrosine 3-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.16.2) (TYH). Catalyzes the rate limiting
- step in catecholamine biosynthesis: the conversion of tyrosine to 3,4-
- dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine.
- - Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.16.4) (TRH). Catalyzes the rate-limiting
- step in serotonin biosynthesis: the conversion of tryptophan to 3-hydroxy-
- anthranilate.
-
- Enzymes that belong to this family are functionally as well as structurally
- related [2]. Their size ranges from 296 residues for bacterial PAH, to about
- 500 residues for eukaryotic PAH, TYH and TRH. As a signature pattern for this
- family, we selected a conserved region in the central part of these enzymes,
- which contains two conserved histidines.
-
- -Consensus pattern: P-D-x(2)-H-[DE]-L-[LIVMF]-G-H-[LIVM]-P
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
- -Last update: October 1993 / Pattern and text revised.
-
- [ 1] Grenett H.E., Ledley F.D., Reed L.L., Woo S.L.C.
- Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84:5530-5534(1987).
- [ 2] Onishi A., Liotta L.J., Benkovic S.J.
- J. Biol. Chem. 266:18454-18459(1991).
-